Abstract The Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) population density and relative abundance within the Chingaza Massif were assessed between September 2015 and May 2016. One hundred seventeen (117) camera traps were installed at 9 grids: 13 cameras per grid, each camera separated 750 m from the other; the sampling effort was 17,057 days-trap. Two thousand seven hundred eighty-four (2,784) native fauna records were obtained, 1,456 corresponding to mammals, 183 records for Andean bear specimens, 158 of them independent bear records (at least one hour between records), and 106 effective-independent bear records (also permitting individual recognition). Fifty-seven (57) Andean bear individuals were identified according to key external morphological features. Sixteen (16) adults were recaptured (12 males and 4 females), with a maximum mean distance of 27.22 km. Bears population density was 2.9 bears per 100 km². Based on this density and the buffer area of the sampling grids, we estimated an overall number of 122 bears in 4,215.15 km². The estimated density is the first for the species in Colombia and the lowest regarding previous reports from other countries. Thus, it is necessary to better understand how integral habitat quality and the anthropic impacts on habitat quality, availability, and connectivity may affect the Andean bear population densities in Colombia, as a useful tool for assessing populations` state and focus future conservation actions.

We investigated the annual reproductive activity of females of Artibeus lituratus and A. jamaicensis inhabiting an urban area and its relation with climate and dietary resources. The reproductive condition of each of 366 females captured during 2012 was evaluated through external morphological characters (nipple condition and abdominal distension) and the characterization of the phases of the oestral cycle using cytologies of vaginal smears. We document a pattern of bimodal polyestrous for the two species, confirming the previously reported bimodal phenology for A. lituratus on the Cordillera Oriental of the Colombian Andes. By using vaginal cytology, the evaluation of reproductive condition was optimized, recognizing sexual receptivity (oestrus - copula) in females considered as reproductively inactive by their external morphology. We found females in different reproductive condition in the same sampling period, indicating that there is intraspecific asynchrony in reproductive activity. Nevertheless, A. lituratus and A. jamaicensis coincide in gestation and birth periods in the second dry season and in the first wet season of the year. Bats were observed foraging throughout the year, consuming fruits for several months and nectar during the driest season of the year. The species studied do not strictly adjust their reproductive phenology to the climate pattern in the study area and followed a conserved pattern of bimodal polyestry, common with other populations from non-urban habitats.

Se investigó la actividad reproductiva de las hembras de Artibeus lituratus y A. jamaicensis en un área urbana y su relación con la estacionalidad climática y la disponibilidad de recursos alimenticios. Durante el año 2012 se capturaron un total de 366 hembras y se evaluó su condición reproductiva por medio de morfología externa (condición del pezón, distensión abdominal) y caracterización de las fases del ciclo estral mediante citologías de frotis vaginales. Se registra el patrón de poliestría bimodal para las dos especies, y se confirma la fenología bimodal previamente reportada para A. lituratus sobre la cordillera Oriental de los Andes colombianos. El uso de las citologías optimizó la evaluación de la condición reproductiva, reconociendo receptividad sexual (estro o cópula) en hembras consideradas inactivas por sus caracteres morfológicos externos. En un mismo muestreo se encontraron hembras en diferente condición reproductiva; por lo tanto no hubo sincronía intraespecífica en la actividad reproductiva. Sin embargo, se observó que A. lituratus y A. jamaicensis coinciden temporalmente en los periodos de gestación y parto en la segunda temporada seca y en la primera temporada húmeda del año. Se observaron los murciélagos forrajeando durante todo el año, consumiendo frutos durante varios meses y consumiendo néctar durante la temporada más seca del año. Las especies estudiadas no presentan un estricto ajuste de su fenología reproductiva al patrón climático del área de estudio y mantienen un patrón conservado de poliestría bimodal, común con otras poblaciones de hábitats no urbanos.

During five months (February-June 2014), wild species were rescued and relocated in preparation for the flooding of the reservoir of the Sogamoso Hydroelectric Project (Santander-Colombia). Seventy one captures of species of the order Pilosa were obtained, corresponding to the densities 0.4, 0.35 and 0.06 (ind/ha) for Bradypus variegatus, Choloepus hoffmanni and Cyclopes didactylus, respectively. The sex ratio was 1♂:1♀ for B. variegatus and 1♂:2.2♀ for C. hoffmanni. Parental care was observed from March to June for B. variegatus and C. hoffmanni, while gestation was detected only in May for C. hoffmanni. We recommend documenting wildlife rescue, minimizing the loss of valuable biological data pertaining to the affected species.

Durante cinco meses (febrero-junio 2014) se rescató y reubicó fauna como parte de las labores de adecuación del vaso del embalse del Proyecto Hidroeléctrico Sogamoso (Santander-Colombia). Se realizaron 71 capturas de especies del orden Pilosa, que correspondieron a densidades de 0.4, 0.35 y 0.06 (ind/ha) para Bradypus variegatus, Choloepus hoffmanni y Cyclopes didactylus, respectivamente. La proporción de sexos fue 1♂:1♀ para B. variegatus y 1♂:2.2♀ para C. hoffmanni. El cuidado de crías se observó entre marzo y junio para B. variegatus y C. hoffmanni, mientras que la gestación solo en mayo para C. hoffmanni. Se recomienda documentar los rescates de fauna, minimizando la pérdida de datos biológicos valiosos de las especies afectadas.